Are You at Risk for Cushing Syndrome?

Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease, although rare, have gained attention thanks to celebrities like Amy Schumer, Miley Cyrus, and Jennifer Hudson sharing their experiences with the condition. This syndrome results from the body producing excess cortisol, a hormone critical for managing stress and regulating essential functions like blood sugar, blood pressure, and inflammation. It is estimated that Cushing syndrome affects 40 to 70 people per million each year, though many experts believe it is underdiagnosed.

Cortisol plays a vital role in various bodily functions, but when levels become too high, the disorder can worsen over time if left untreated. Cushing syndrome is often characterized by a “buffalo hump,” an accumulation of fat at the base of the neck or between the shoulders. It primarily affects adults aged 30 to 50, with women being three times more likely to develop it. Those who are overweight, have high blood pressure, or suffer from type 2 diabetes are also at a higher risk. Chronic use of corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone, or the presence of a pituitary or adrenal tumor can be underlying causes. Cushing disease specifically refers to excess cortisol production due to a pituitary tumor.

Common signs of Cushing syndrome or disease that can alter your appearance include:

• A red or rounded face
• Rapid weight gain, particularly in the abdomen and neck
• Skin ulcers
• Acne
• Increased facial hair in women
• Bruising
• Purple stretch marks on the chest, armpits, and abdomen

Cushing syndrome or disease can also lead to severe complications such as:

• Irritability, depression, and anxiety
• Muscle weakness
• Vision issues
• Headaches
• High blood pressure
• Memory loss
• Osteoporosis
• Increased risk of infections
• Erectile dysfunction in men
• Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual cycles) in women

Diagnosing Cushing syndrome or disease typically involves a 24-hour urinary test to measure corticosteroid hormone levels, along with CT scans, MRIs, and a dexamethasone suppression test to determine cortisol overproduction. If overproduction is confirmed, further testing will identify the cause.

Treatment options vary but generally focus on reducing excess steroid levels in the body. If the condition is related to corticosteroid medication, a doctor may adjust the dosage or treatment plan. In cases where a tumor is causing the excess hormone, surgical removal may be necessary. Removing one or both adrenal glands will require ongoing treatment to manage cortisol and other hormone levels.

If you experience symptoms of Cushing syndrome or disease, or if existing symptoms worsen or new ones arise, consult your doctor. Untreated, Cushing syndrome can lead to life-threatening complications, but early detection and appropriate treatment can result in successful outcomes for many diagnosed individuals.