Increase in Rare Toxin-Producing Infections

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a rare but severe complication of streptococcal infection that has reached alarming levels in Japan this year, with a staggering 40% mortality rate among those affected. While Japan leads in reported cases, the U.S. has also seen a 20-year high in Group A strep infections, which includes STSS. According to CDC data, there have been 395 STSS cases in the U.S. so far this year, surpassing the total for the previous year.

This potentially deadly illness is primarily caused by the bacterium streptococcus pyogenes, commonly known as Group A streptococcus or “Strep A.” It can result from respiratory, skin, and blood infections, as well as infections related to pregnancy. Group A strep can spread rapidly, infecting the blood and deep tissues of the body. Officials warn that STSS can lead to death within days, affecting individuals of any age, though it is most prevalent in those over 65. Factors that increase the risk of contracting STSS include open wounds, diabetes, and alcohol use.

A sunburn-like rash may be the first sign of infection, but other common symptoms of STSS include muscle aches, chills, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Within 48 hours, the condition can progress to shock, causing organ failure, extremely low blood pressure, and rapid heart rate and breathing. Immediate medical attention is crucial for the best chance of survival. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and intravenous fluids administered in a hospital setting, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue.

As experts investigate the rise in STSS cases, one theory suggests that weakened immune systems following COVID-19 may play a role. While STSS is rare, it has existed for centuries and can be found in communities worldwide. If you experience any signs or symptoms of STSS, seek emergency care promptly.