While we may be years away from a viable solution, scientists are developing a new medication that could potentially delay or even prevent menopause, which typically begins around age 51.
Menopause marks the cessation of estrogen and progesterone production, leading to the ovaries no longer releasing eggs. Although it varies for each woman, menopause officially starts a year after the last menstrual period and is commonly associated with symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, weight gain, vaginal dryness, and emotional fluctuations. The transition phase, known as perimenopause, usually starts in the mid-40s, when women may first notice changes in their cycles or experience new symptoms.
This hormonal change increases the risk of several health conditions. The decline in estrogen accelerates bone loss, making women twice as likely to develop osteoporosis. There is also a heightened risk for heart disease and depression. For those undergoing hormone therapy during menopause, estrogen may raise the risk of blood clots.
However, ongoing research is exploring whether some of these health issues stem from aging rather than menopause itself. One area of focus is ovarian aging, highlighting the connection between ovarian health and overall well-being.
The latest medication being developed is an injection that targets the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), which plays a crucial role in egg development. In the 30s, ovarian aging accelerates, leading to a significant drop in AMH levels by the time menopause occurs.
Traditionally, AMH research has concentrated on ovarian cancer and infertility, but this new approach aims to mimic the AMH protein to potentially extend the childbearing years and delay menopause onset. Additional AMH-based treatments are also in development. Researchers are examining other methods to address ovarian aging, including a clinical trial investigating whether an immunosuppressant used in organ transplants and cancer therapies might slow the aging process, as well as the use of anti-fibrotic drugs to enhance egg quality.
Many women in menopause opt for hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which replaces natural hormones and can alleviate various symptoms. HRT comes in different forms, each with its own benefits and risks. If you have questions about menopause or are experiencing troubling symptoms, consult your healthcare provider to discuss your options.